• enEnglish
    DMD
    • enEnglish
    • Introduction
    • How to Use this Guide
    • Disease Stages
      • Diagnosis (infancy/childhood)
      • Early Ambulatory (childhood)
      • Late Ambulatory (late childhood/adolescent/young adult)
      • Early Non-Ambulatory (childhood/adolescent/young adult)
      • Late Non-Ambulatory (young adult/adult)
    • Diagnosis
      • Care at Diagnosis
      • When to Suspect DMD
      • Role of the Primary Care Provider (PCP) in the Care Team
      • What Causes Duchenne?
      • Confirming the Diagnosis
    • Neuromuscular Management
      • Neuromuscular Management Overview
      • Neuromuscular Assessments
    • Steroid Management
      • Steroid Management Overview
      • The Different Steroid Dosing Regimens
      • Steroid Dosing, Management, and Side Effects
      • Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis
      • Other Drugs and Dietary Supplements
      • Steroid Side Effects: Recommended Monitoring and Intervention
    • Endocrine Management
      • Endocrine Management Overview
      • Growth and Puberty
      • Growth Hormone Therapy
      • Testosterone Therapy
      • Adrenal Crisis
    • Bone Health (Osteoporosis) Management
    • Orthopaedic Management
      • Orthopedic Management Overview
      • Contractures
      • Scoliosis
      • Long Bone Fractures
    • Rehabilitation Management
      • Rehabilitation Management Overview
      • Range of Motion, Exercise, and Stretching
      • Wheelchairs, Seating, and Other Adaptive Equipment
    • Pulmonary Management
      • Pulmonary Management Overview
      • Surveillance & Prevention
      • Interventions
    • Cardiac Management
      • Cardiac Management Overview
      • Surveillance
      • Treatment
    • Gastrointestinal Management
      • Gastrointestinal Management Overview
      • Nutritional Management
      • Swallowing Management
      • Symptoms of Dysphagia
      • Dysphagia Interventions
      • Constipation and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
    • Psychosocial Management
      • Psychosocial Management Overview
      • Assessments
      • Care & Support Interventions
    • Considerations for Surgery
    • Emergency Care Considerations
    • Transition of Care
      • Transition of Care Overview
      • Timing of Transition Planning
      • Care Coordination
      • Health Care
      • Education, Employment and Pursuit of Vocations
      • Housing and Assistance with Activities of Daily Living
      • Transportation
      • Personal Relationships
    • Country Specific Information

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    • enEnglish
    • Introduction
    • How to Use this Guide
    • Disease Stages
      • Diagnosis (infancy/childhood)
      • Early Ambulatory (childhood)
      • Late Ambulatory (late childhood/adolescent/young adult)
      • Early Non-Ambulatory (childhood/adolescent/young adult)
      • Late Non-Ambulatory (young adult/adult)
      • Back
    • Diagnosis
      • Care at Diagnosis
      • When to Suspect DMD
      • Role of the Primary Care Provider (PCP) in the Care Team
      • What Causes Duchenne?
      • Confirming the Diagnosis
      • Back
    • Neuromuscular Management
      • Neuromuscular Management Overview
      • Neuromuscular Assessments
      • Back
    • Steroid Management
      • Steroid Management Overview
      • The Different Steroid Dosing Regimens
      • Steroid Dosing, Management, and Side Effects
      • Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis
      • Other Drugs and Dietary Supplements
      • Steroid Side Effects: Recommended Monitoring and Intervention
      • Back
    • Endocrine Management
      • Endocrine Management Overview
      • Growth and Puberty
      • Growth Hormone Therapy
      • Testosterone Therapy
      • Adrenal Crisis
      • Back
    • Bone Health (Osteoporosis) Management
    • Orthopaedic Management
      • Orthopedic Management Overview
      • Contractures
      • Scoliosis
      • Long Bone Fractures
      • Back
    • Rehabilitation Management
      • Rehabilitation Management Overview
      • Range of Motion, Exercise, and Stretching
      • Wheelchairs, Seating, and Other Adaptive Equipment
      • Back
    • Pulmonary Management
      • Pulmonary Management Overview
      • Surveillance & Prevention
      • Interventions
      • Back
    • Cardiac Management
      • Cardiac Management Overview
      • Surveillance
      • Treatment
      • Back
    • Gastrointestinal Management
      • Gastrointestinal Management Overview
      • Nutritional Management
      • Swallowing Management
      • Symptoms of Dysphagia
      • Dysphagia Interventions
      • Constipation and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
      • Back
    • Psychosocial Management
      • Psychosocial Management Overview
      • Assessments
      • Care & Support Interventions
      • Back
    • Considerations for Surgery
    • Emergency Care Considerations
    • Transition of Care
      • Transition of Care Overview
      • Timing of Transition Planning
      • Care Coordination
      • Health Care
      • Education, Employment and Pursuit of Vocations
      • Housing and Assistance with Activities of Daily Living
      • Transportation
      • Personal Relationships
      • Back
    • Country Specific Information